using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExCSS
{
    public sealed class CssParser
    {
        CssSelectorConstructor selector;
        Stack<FunctionBuffer> function;
        Boolean skipExceptions;
        Lexer tokenizer;
        Boolean fraction;
        CSSProperty property;
        CSSValue value;
        List<CSSValue> mvalues;
        CSSValueList cvalues;
        Boolean started;
        Boolean quirks;
        CSSStyleSheet sheet;
        Stack<CSSRule> open;
        StringBuilder buffer;
        CssState state;
        Object sync;
        Task task;

        #region ctor


        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new CSS parser instance parser with the specified stylesheet
        /// based on the given source manager.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stylesheet">The stylesheet to be constructed.</param>
        /// <param name="source">The source to use.</param>
        internal CssParser(StylesheetReader reader)
        {
            selector = Pool.NewSelectorConstructor();
            sync = new Object();
            skipExceptions = true;
            tokenizer = new Lexer(reader);

            started = false;
            function = new Stack<FunctionBuffer>();
            sheet = stylesheet;
            open = new Stack<CSSRule>();
            SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Properties

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets if the parser has been started asynchronously.
        /// </summary>
        public Boolean IsAsync
        {
            get { return task != null; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets if the quirks-mode is activated.
        /// </summary>
        public Boolean IsQuirksMode
        {
            get { return quirks; }
            set { quirks = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current rule if any.
        /// </summary>
        internal CSSRule CurrentRule
        {
            get { return open.Count > 0 ? open.Peek() : null; }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Parses the given source asynchronously and creates the stylesheet.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The task which could be awaited or continued differently.</returns>
        public Task ParseAsync()
        {
            lock (sync)
            {
                if (!started)
                {
                    started = true;
                    task = Task.Run(() => Kernel());
                }
                else if (task == null)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("The parser has already run synchronously.");

                return task;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Parses the given source code.
        /// </summary>
        public void Parse()
        {
            var run = false;

            lock (sync)
            {
                if (!started)
                {
                    started = true;
                    run = true;
                }
            }

            if (run)
            {
                Kernel();
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region States

        /// <summary>
        /// The general state.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean Data(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.AtKeyword)
            {
                switch (((CssKeywordToken)token).Data)
                {
                    case RuleNames.MEDIA:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSMediaRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.InMediaList);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.PAGE:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSPageRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.InSelector);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.IMPORT:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSImportRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeImport);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.FONT_FACE:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSFontFaceRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.InDeclaration);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.CHARSET:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSCharsetRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeCharset);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.NAMESPACE:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSNamespaceRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeNamespacePrefix);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.SUPPORTS:
                        {
                            buffer = Pool.NewStringBuilder();
                            AddRule(new CSSSupportsRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.InCondition);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.KEYFRAMES:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSKeyframesRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeKeyframesName);
                            break;
                        }
                    case RuleNames.DOCUMENT:
                        {
                            AddRule(new CSSDocumentRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeDocumentFunction);
                            break;
                        }
                    default:
                        {
                            buffer = Pool.NewStringBuilder();
                            AddRule(new CSSUnknownRule());
                            SwitchTo(CssState.InUnknown);
                            InUnknown(token);
                            break;
                        }
                }

                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
            {
                return CloseRule();
            }
            else
            {
                AddRule(new CSSStyleRule());
                SwitchTo(CssState.InSelector);
                InSelector(token);
                return true;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// State that is called once in the head of an unknown @ rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InUnknown(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.Semicolon:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSUnknownRule>().SetInstruction(buffer.ToPool());
                    SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                    return CloseRule();
                case CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSUnknownRule>().SetCondition(buffer.ToPool());
                    SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                    break;
                default:
                    buffer.Append(token.ToValue());
                    break;
            }

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// State that is called once we are in a CSS selector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InSelector(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen)
            {
                var rule = CurrentRule as ICssSelector;

                if (rule != null)
                    rule.Selector = selector.Result;

                SwitchTo(CurrentRule is CSSStyleRule ? CssState.InDeclaration : CssState.Data);
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                return false;
            else
                selector.Apply(token);

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before the property name has been detected.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InDeclaration(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
            {
                CloseProperty();
                SwitchTo(CurrentRule is CSSKeyframeRule ? CssState.KeyframesData : CssState.Data);
                return CloseRule();
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Ident)
            {
                AddDeclaration(CSSProperty.Create(((CssKeywordToken)token).Data));
                SwitchTo(CssState.AfterProperty);
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// After instruction rules a semicolon is required.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean AfterInstruction(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                return CloseRule();
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// In the condition text of a supports rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InCondition(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSSupportsRule>().ConditionText = buffer.ToPool();
                    SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                    break;
                default:
                    buffer.Append(token.ToValue());
                    break;
            }

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before a prefix has been found for the namespace rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforePrefix(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Ident)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSNamespaceRule>().Prefix = ((CssKeywordToken)token).Data;
                SwitchTo(CssState.AfterNamespacePrefix);
                return true;
            }

            SwitchTo(CssState.AfterInstruction);
            return AfterInstruction(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before a namespace has been found for the namespace rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeNamespace(CssToken token)
        {
            SwitchTo(CssState.AfterInstruction);

            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.String)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSNamespaceRule>().NamespaceURI = ((CssStringToken)token).Data;
                return true;
            }

            return AfterInstruction(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Before a charset string has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeCharset(CssToken token)
        {
            SwitchTo(CssState.AfterInstruction);

            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.String)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSCharsetRule>().Encoding = ((CssStringToken)token).Data;
                return true;
            }

            return AfterInstruction(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Before an URL has been found for the import rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeImport(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.String || token.Type == CssTokenType.Url)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSImportRule>().Href = ((CssStringToken)token).Data;
                SwitchTo(CssState.InMediaList);
                return true;
            }

            SwitchTo(CssState.AfterInstruction);
            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before the property separating colon has been seen.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean AfterProperty(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Colon)
            {
                fraction = false;
                SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeValue);
                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon || token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                AfterValue(token);

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before any token in the value regime had been seen.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeValue(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon)
                SwitchTo(CssState.InDeclaration);
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                InDeclaration(token);
            else
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.InSingleValue);
                return InSingleValue(token);
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when a value has to be computed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InSingleValue(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.Dimension: // e.g. "3px"
                    return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(((CssUnitToken)token).Unit, ((CssUnitToken)token).Data));
                case CssTokenType.Hash:// e.g. "#ABCDEF"
                    return InSingleValueHexColor(((CssKeywordToken)token).Data);
                case CssTokenType.Delim:// e.g. "#"
                    return InSingleValueDelim((CssDelimToken)token);
                case CssTokenType.Ident: // e.g. "auto"
                    return InSingleValueIdent((CssKeywordToken)token);
                case CssTokenType.String:// e.g. "'i am a string'"
                    return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.String, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                case CssTokenType.Url:// e.g. "url('this is a valid URL')"
                    return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.Uri, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                case CssTokenType.Percentage: // e.g. "5%"
                    return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.Percentage, ((CssUnitToken)token).Data));
                case CssTokenType.Number: // e.g. "173"
                    return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.Number, ((CssNumberToken)token).Data));
                case CssTokenType.Whitespace: // e.g. " "
                    SwitchTo(CssState.InValueList);
                    return true;
                case CssTokenType.Function: //e.g. rgba(...)
                    function.Push(new FunctionBuffer(((CssKeywordToken)token).Data));
                    SwitchTo(CssState.InFunction);
                    return true;
                case CssTokenType.Comma: // e.g. ","
                    SwitchTo(CssState.InValuePool);
                    return true;
                case CssTokenType.Semicolon: // e.g. ";"
                case CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose: // e.g. "}"
                    return AfterValue(token);
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gathers a value inside a function.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InValueFunction(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.RoundBracketClose:
                    SwitchTo(CssState.InSingleValue);
                    return AddValue(function.Pop().Done());
                case CssTokenType.Comma:
                    function.Peek().Include();
                    return true;
                default:
                    return InSingleValue(token);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when a new value is seen from the zero-POV (whitespace seen previously).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InValueList(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon || token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                AfterValue(token);
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Comma)
                SwitchTo(CssState.InValuePool);
            else
            {
                //TDO
                SwitchTo(CssState.InSingleValue);
                return InSingleValue(token);
            }

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when a new value is seen from the zero-POV (comma seen previously).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InValuePool(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon || token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                AfterValue(token);
            else
            {
                //TODO
                SwitchTo(CssState.InSingleValue);
                return InSingleValue(token);
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called if a # sign has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InHexValue(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.Number:
                case CssTokenType.Dimension:
                case CssTokenType.Ident:
                    var rest = token.ToValue();

                    if (buffer.Length + rest.Length <= 6)
                    {
                        buffer.Append(rest);
                        return true;
                    }

                    break;
            }

            var s = buffer.ToPool();
            InSingleValueHexColor(buffer.ToString());
            SwitchTo(CssState.InSingleValue);
            return InSingleValue(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called after the value is known to be over.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean AfterValue(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon)
            {
                CloseProperty();
                SwitchTo(CssState.InDeclaration);
                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
                return InDeclaration(token);

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called once an important instruction is expected.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean ValueImportant(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Ident && ((CssKeywordToken)token).Data == "important")
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.AfterValue);
                property.Important = true;
                return true;
            }

            return AfterValue(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Before the name of an @keyframes rule has been detected.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeKeyframesName(CssToken token)
        {
            SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeKeyframesData);

            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Ident)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSKeyframesRule>().Name = ((CssKeywordToken)token).Data;
                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.KeyframesData);
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Before the curly bracket of an @keyframes rule has been seen.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeKeyframesData(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeKeyframesData);
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called in the @keyframes rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean KeyframesData(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                return CloseRule();
            }
            else
            {
                buffer = Pool.NewStringBuilder();
                return InKeyframeText(token);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called in the text for a frame in the @keyframes rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InKeyframeText(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen)
            {
                var frame = new CSSKeyframeRule();
                frame.KeyText = buffer.ToPool();
                AddRule(frame);
                SwitchTo(CssState.InDeclaration);
                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose)
            {
                buffer.ToPool();
                KeyframesData(token);
                return false;
            }

            buffer.Append(token.ToValue());
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before a document function has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BeforeDocumentFunction(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.Url:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSDocumentRule>().Conditions.Add(Tuple.Create(CSSDocumentRule.DocumentFunction.Url, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                    break;
                case CssTokenType.UrlPrefix:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSDocumentRule>().Conditions.Add(Tuple.Create(CSSDocumentRule.DocumentFunction.UrlPrefix, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                    break;
                case CssTokenType.Domain:
                    CurrentRuleAs<CSSDocumentRule>().Conditions.Add(Tuple.Create(CSSDocumentRule.DocumentFunction.Domain, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                    break;
                case CssTokenType.Function:
                    if (String.Compare(((CssKeywordToken)token).Data, "regexp", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) == 0)
                    {
                        SwitchTo(CssState.InDocumentFunction);
                        return true;
                    }
                    SwitchTo(CssState.AfterDocumentFunction);
                    return false;
                default:
                    SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                    return false;
            }

            SwitchTo(CssState.BetweenDocumentFunctions);
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called before the argument of a document function has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InDocumentFunction(CssToken token)
        {
            SwitchTo(CssState.AfterDocumentFunction);

            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.String)
            {
                CurrentRuleAs<CSSDocumentRule>().Conditions.Add(Tuple.Create(CSSDocumentRule.DocumentFunction.RegExp, ((CssStringToken)token).Data));
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called after the arguments of a document function has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean AfterDocumentFunction(CssToken token)
        {
            SwitchTo(CssState.BetweenDocumentFunctions);
            return token.Type == CssTokenType.RoundBracketClose;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called after a function has been completed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean BetweenDocumentFunctions(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Comma)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.BeforeDocumentFunction);
                return true;
            }
            else if (token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen)
            {
                SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                return true;
            }

            SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Before any medium has been found for the @media or @import rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InMediaList(CssToken token)
        {
            if (token.Type == CssTokenType.Semicolon)
            {
                CloseRule();
                SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                return true;
            }

            buffer = Pool.NewStringBuilder();
            SwitchTo(CssState.InMediaValue);
            return InMediaValue(token);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Scans the current medium for the @media or @import rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InMediaValue(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Type)
            {
                case CssTokenType.CurlyBracketOpen:
                case CssTokenType.Semicolon:
                    {
                        var container = CurrentRule as ICssMedia;
                        var s = buffer.ToPool();

                        if (container != null)
                            container.Media.AppendMedium(s);

                        if (CurrentRule is CSSImportRule)
                            return AfterInstruction(token);

                        SwitchTo(CssState.Data);
                        return token.Type == CssTokenType.CurlyBracketClose;
                    }
                case CssTokenType.Comma:
                    {
                        var container = CurrentRule as ICssMedia;

                        if (container != null)
                            container.Media.AppendMedium(buffer.ToString());

                        buffer.Clear();
                        return true;
                    }
                case CssTokenType.Whitespace:
                    {
                        buffer.Append(' ');
                        return true;
                    }
                default:
                    {
                        buffer.Append(token.ToValue());
                        return true;
                    }
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Substates

        /// <summary>
        /// Called in a value - a delimiter has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current delim token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InSingleValueDelim(CssDelimToken token)
        {
            switch (token.Data)
            {
                case Specification.EM:
                    SwitchTo(CssState.ValueImportant);
                    return true;
                case Specification.NUM:
                    buffer = Pool.NewStringBuilder();
                    SwitchTo(CssState.InHexValue);
                    return true;
                case Specification.SOLIDUS:
                    fraction = true;
                    return true;
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called in a value - an identifier has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current keyword token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InSingleValueIdent(CssKeywordToken token)
        {
            if (token.Data == "inherit")
            {
                property.Value = CSSValue.Inherit;
                SwitchTo(CssState.AfterValue);
                return true;
            }

            return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.Ident, token.Data));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called in a value - a hash (probably hex) value has been found.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The value of the token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean InSingleValueHexColor(String color)
        {
            CSSColor value;

            if (CSSColor.TryFromHex(color, out value))
                return AddValue(new CSSPrimitiveValue(value));

            return false;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Rule management

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds the new value to the current value (or replaces it).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value to add.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean AddValue(CSSValue value)
        {
            if (fraction)
            {
                if (this.value != null)
                {
                    value = new CSSPrimitiveValue(CssUnit.Unknown, this.value.ToCss() + "/" + value.ToCss());
                    this.value = null;
                }

                fraction = false;
            }

            if (function.Count > 0)
                function.Peek().Arguments.Add(value);
            else if (this.value == null)
                this.value = value;
            else
                return false;

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Closes a property.
        /// </summary>
        void CloseProperty()
        {
            if (property != null)
                property.Value = value;

            value = null;
            property = null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Closes the current rule (if any).
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean CloseRule()
        {
            if (open.Count > 0)
            {
                open.Pop();
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a new rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rule">The new rule.</param>
        void AddRule(CSSRule rule)
        {
            rule.ParentStyleSheet = sheet;

            if (open.Count > 0)
            {
                var container = open.Peek() as ICssRules;

                if (container != null)
                {
                    container.CssRules.List.Add(rule);
                    rule.ParentRule = open.Peek();
                }
            }
            else
                sheet.CssRules.List.Add(rule);

            open.Push(rule);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a declaration.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="property">The new property.</param>
        void AddDeclaration(CSSProperty property)
        {
            this.property = property;
            var rule = CurrentRule as IStyleDeclaration;

            if (rule != null)
                rule.Style.List.Add(property);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Helpers

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current rule casted to the given type.
        /// </summary>
        T CurrentRuleAs<T>()
            where T : CSSRule
        {
            if (open.Count > 0)
                return open.Peek() as T;

            return default(T);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Switches the current state to the given one.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="newState">The state to switch to.</param>
        void SwitchTo(CssState newState)
        {
            switch (newState)
            {
                case CssState.InSelector:
                    tokenizer.IgnoreComments = true;
                    tokenizer.IgnoreWhitespace = false;
                    selector.Reset();
                    selector.IgnoreErrors = skipExceptions;
                    break;

                case CssState.InHexValue:
                case CssState.InUnknown:
                case CssState.InCondition:
                case CssState.InSingleValue:
                case CssState.InMediaValue:
                    tokenizer.IgnoreComments = true;
                    tokenizer.IgnoreWhitespace = false;
                    break;

                default:
                    tokenizer.IgnoreComments = true;
                    tokenizer.IgnoreWhitespace = true;
                    break;
            }

            state = newState;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The kernel that is pulling the tokens into the parser.
        /// </summary>
        void Kernel()
        {
            var tokens = tokenizer.Tokens;

            foreach (var token in tokens)
            {
                if (General(token) == false)
                    RaiseErrorOccurred(ErrorCode.InputUnexpected);
            }

            if (property != null)
                General(CssSpecialCharacter.Semicolon);

            selector.ToPool();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Examines the token by using the current state.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token">The current token.</param>
        /// <returns>The status.</returns>
        Boolean General(CssToken token)
        {
            switch (state)
            {
                case CssState.Data:
                    return Data(token);
                case CssState.InSelector:
                    return InSelector(token);
                case CssState.InDeclaration:
                    return InDeclaration(token);
                case CssState.AfterProperty:
                    return AfterProperty(token);
                case CssState.BeforeValue:
                    return BeforeValue(token);
                case CssState.InValuePool:
                    return InValuePool(token);
                case CssState.InValueList:
                    return InValueList(token);
                case CssState.InSingleValue:
                    return InSingleValue(token);
                case CssState.ValueImportant:
                    return ValueImportant(token);
                case CssState.AfterValue:
                    return AfterValue(token);
                case CssState.InMediaList:
                    return InMediaList(token);
                case CssState.InMediaValue:
                    return InMediaValue(token);
                case CssState.BeforeImport:
                    return BeforeImport(token);
                case CssState.AfterInstruction:
                    return AfterInstruction(token);
                case CssState.BeforeCharset:
                    return BeforeCharset(token);
                case CssState.BeforeNamespacePrefix:
                    return BeforePrefix(token);
                case CssState.AfterNamespacePrefix:
                    return BeforeNamespace(token);
                case CssState.InCondition:
                    return InCondition(token);
                case CssState.InUnknown:
                    return InUnknown(token);
                case CssState.InKeyframeText:
                    return InKeyframeText(token);
                case CssState.BeforeDocumentFunction:
                    return BeforeDocumentFunction(token);
                case CssState.InDocumentFunction:
                    return InDocumentFunction(token);
                case CssState.AfterDocumentFunction:
                    return AfterDocumentFunction(token);
                case CssState.BetweenDocumentFunctions:
                    return BetweenDocumentFunctions(token);
                case CssState.BeforeKeyframesName:
                    return BeforeKeyframesName(token);
                case CssState.BeforeKeyframesData:
                    return BeforeKeyframesData(token);
                case CssState.KeyframesData:
                    return KeyframesData(token);
                case CssState.InHexValue:
                    return InHexValue(token);
                case CssState.InFunction:
                    return InValueFunction(token);
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Public static methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a selector object.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="selector">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <returns>The Selector object.</returns>
        public static Selector ParseSelector(String selector)
        {
            var tokenizer = new CssTokenizer(new SourceManager(selector));
            var tokens = tokenizer.Tokens;
            var selctor = Pool.NewSelectorConstructor();

            foreach (var token in tokens)
                selctor.Apply(token);

            var result = selctor.Result;
            selctor.ToPool();
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a CSS stylesheet.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stylesheet">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSStyleSheet object.</returns>
        public static CSSStyleSheet ParseStyleSheet(String stylesheet, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(stylesheet);
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            return parser.Result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a CSS rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rule">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSRule object.</returns>
        public static CSSRule ParseRule(String rule, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(rule);
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.Parse();

            if (parser.sheet.CssRules.Length > 0)
                return parser.sheet.CssRules[0];

            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into CSS declarations.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="declarations">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSStyleDeclaration object.</returns>
        public static CSSStyleDeclaration ParseDeclarations(String declarations, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var decl = new CSSStyleDeclaration();
            AppendDeclarations(decl, declarations, quirksMode);
            return decl;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a CSS declaration (CSS property).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="declarations">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSProperty object.</returns>
        public static CSSProperty ParseDeclaration(String declarations, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(declarations);
            parser.state = CssState.InDeclaration;
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.Parse();
            return parser.property;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a CSS value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSValue object.</returns>
        public static CSSValue ParseValue(String source, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(source);
            var property = new CSSProperty(String.Empty);
            parser.property = property;
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.state = CssState.BeforeValue;
            parser.Parse();
            return property.Value;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Internal static methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a list of CSS values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSValueList object.</returns>
        internal static CSSValueList ParseValueList(String source, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(source);
            var list = new CSSValueList();
            var property = new CSSProperty(String.Empty);
            property.Value = list;
            parser.property = property;
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.state = CssState.InValueList;
            parser.Parse();
            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a comma separated string and transforms it into a list of CSS values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSValueList object.</returns>
        internal static CSSValuePool ParseMultipleValues(String source, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(source);
            var pool = new CSSValuePool();
            var property = new CSSProperty(String.Empty);
            property.Value = pool;
            parser.property = property;
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.state = CssState.InValuePool;
            parser.Parse();
            return pool;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and transforms it into a CSS keyframe rule.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rule">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        /// <returns>The CSSKeyframeRule object.</returns>
        internal static CSSKeyframeRule ParseKeyframeRule(String rule, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(rule);
            var keyframe = new CSSKeyframeRule();
            parser.AddRule(keyframe);
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;
            parser.state = CssState.InKeyframeText;
            parser.Parse();
            return keyframe;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Takes a string and appends all rules to the given list of properties.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">The list of css properties to append to.</param>
        /// <param name="declarations">The string to parse.</param>
        /// <param name="quirksMode">Optional: The status of the quirks mode flag (usually not set).</param>
        internal static void AppendDeclarations(CSSStyleDeclaration list, String declarations, Boolean quirksMode = false)
        {
            var parser = new CssParser(declarations);
            parser.IsQuirksMode = quirksMode;
            parser.skipExceptions = false;

            if (list.ParentRule != null)
                parser.AddRule(list.ParentRule);
            else
                parser.AddRule(new CSSStyleRule(list));

            parser.state = CssState.InDeclaration;
            parser.Parse();
        }

        #endregion

        #region State Enumeration

        /// <summary>
        /// The enumeration with possible state values.
        /// </summary>
        enum CssState
        {
            Data,
            InSelector,
            InDeclaration,
            AfterProperty,
            BeforeValue,
            InValuePool,
            InValueList,
            InSingleValue,
            InMediaList,
            InMediaValue,
            BeforeImport,
            BeforeCharset,
            BeforeNamespacePrefix,
            AfterNamespacePrefix,
            AfterInstruction,
            InCondition,
            BeforeKeyframesName,
            BeforeKeyframesData,
            KeyframesData,
            InKeyframeText,
            BeforeDocumentFunction,
            InDocumentFunction,
            AfterDocumentFunction,
            BetweenDocumentFunctions,
            InUnknown,
            ValueImportant,
            AfterValue,
            InHexValue,
            InFunction
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// A buffer for functions.
        /// </summary>
        class FunctionBuffer
        {
            #region Members

            String name;
            List<CSSValue> arguments;
            CSSValue value;

            #endregion

            #region ctor

            internal FunctionBuffer(String name)
            {
                this.arguments = new List<CSSValue>();
                this.name = name;
            }

            #endregion

            #region Properties

            public List<CSSValue> Arguments
            {
                get { return arguments; }
            }

            public CSSValue Value
            {
                get { return value; }
                set { this.value = value; }
            }

            #endregion

            #region Methods

            public void Include()
            {
                if (value != null)
                    arguments.Add(value);

                value = null;
            }

            public CSSValue Done()
            {
                Include();
                return CSSFunction.Create(name, arguments);
            }

            #endregion
        }

        #endregion
    }
}